Shimla Agreement Loc

kenty9x | October 7, 2021 | 0

The agreement emphasizes respect for each other`s sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence and unity. It also mentions non-interference in the internal affairs of the other and the flaw in hostile propaganda. (iii) Resignations shall commence from the entry into force of this Agreement and shall be concluded within thirty days. [4] The international and regional context after 1971 had made the achievement of some kind of agreement an important political objective for Gandhi and his national security team. After participating in a successful war that liberated Bangladesh, policymakers tried to continue to support India`s status by also demonstrating a credible attempt at peace. The improvement in India`s image naturally had to be offset by concrete results. The most desirable outcome would have been a final resolution in Kashmir on the de facto position of both sides. Evidence indicates that policymakers have attempted to address some of the deep roots of the Indo-Pakistani dispute in Kashmir, seen as a direct manifestation of Pakistan`s national identity and not as a normal intergovernmental territorial stalemate. P.N. Haksar, Gandhi`s top foreign policy adviser, later wrote that India`s approach was best on “the realization that Pakistan has continued to have an unresolved crisis of its national identity.” By 1971, Pakistan had paved the way for an alternative future. This Agreement shall be subject to ratification by both countries in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures and shall enter into force from the date of exchange of instruments of ratification.

[4] In the end, Gandhi crystallized in the Shimla finale as a swing factor between attitudes of strength and accommodation. The alternative of calling Bhutto`s bluff and leaving without a deal was deemed too costly for Gandhi and Haksar after India`s dramatic triumph of 1971. The self-control that underlyed India`s attitude was all too noticeable for Pakistanis. Ahmed, its negotiator, then remarked that “the excessive fear of avoiding the failure of the talks at all costs, although it held `all the masses of negotiations`, became its main handicap.”